Constipation is characterized by a decrease in frequency and/or passage of hard, dry stools.

         Causes:

Irregular bowel habits and sedentary life Improper diet Intestinal obstruction Excessive laxative use Certain drugs Prevention: Establishing a bowel routine Consuming fiber, vegetables, and fruit in diet Drinking at least 8-10 glasses of water each day Excercising regularly Self-care: Drink at least 8-10 glasses of water each day Increase intake of fiber such as whole grain cereals (oatmeal, bran, shredded wheat), whole wheat breads Increase intake of fruit with skins such as raw and coarse vegetables (broccoli, cabbage, couliflower, lettuce) Avoid intake of high fat foods such as bacon, butter, cream, and oil Avoid highly refined foods such as white rice, pasta, candy, and cookies Increase physical activity by establishing a regular exercise routine Avoid straining when toileting. Use reading material to relax and may use a footstool to promote thigh flexion, which may be helpful Avoid over use of laxatives, as may reverse action and cause constipation Drink hot coffee, warm lemonade, prune juice before breakfast or in the evening to stimulate the bowel Treatment: Use a mild laxative as directed, but avoid over-use May need to see a physician if constipation continues